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And thats it. Military rule is based on fear because they possessed weapons of coercion especially the gun. funfetti pancake mix cookies structure of military government in nigeria. The Nigerian government structure is styled into a federal system of government. Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. So there was a break from military rule between 1976 and 1983. ), total: 3.7% (2020 est. Every Nigerian citizen must know about the government structure and to help you grasp the structure of the Nigerian government, this article presents all you need to know as it comes with texts, images and video. The 30-month long civil war, which ended in January 1970, resulted in 1-3 million . Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. Federalism is a system of government in which governmental powers that exists in a country are shared between central government and component region. The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria The Head of State/President The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) The National Council States The Council of Ministers The Judiciary The Civil Service D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria Infrastructural developments e.g. roads, airports, railways etc Obasanjo had successfully handed over to Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979 but he was overthrown in the 31 st December 1983 by the General Muhammad Buhari. I think you should know that according to Wikipedia, the major cause of federalism in Nigeria is the demand for the creation of newer states in Nigeria. The executive arm, also known as the cabinet, is divided into over 15 federal ministries. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, which has been in effect since July 2009. )from petroleum and other liquids: 67.406 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. Every governor has a deputy governor to help in overseeing the affairs of the state. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1stOctober 1966. Each state has a governor that can serve for 4 years in a term. The first one was in 1986, just a year after Ibrahim Babangida was sworn into power, Major General Mamman Vatsa had led a coup to overthrow the government of President Babangida but this coup failed. The president also appoints the Chief Justice of Nigeria and his 13 associates justices. The judiciary branch comprises of the Supreme Court of Nigeria which presides over the Federal Courts (the court of appeal, the sharia court of appeal of FCT, the federal high court, the customary court of appeal and the high court of the FCT), State Courts (the high court, the sharia court of appeal, and the customary court of appeal), and Election Tribunals. (ret.) Nigeria is a Rentier state. Local government must be a legal entity distinct from the state and federal government. March 4: Today in Nigeria history, Oladipo Diya and 46 political )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. structure of military government in nigeria. ), 15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023), at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2023 est. )services: 56.4% (2017 est. ), -$1.849 billion (2021 est. Altogether 38 soldiers and 1 civilian were executed by firing squad as a result of their involvement in this coup. Register or login to make commenting easier. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. Student Guides Emblem of the Nigerian Armed Forces by service branches. )306.921 (2019 est. The military are not trained in the act of governance. )from consumed natural gas: 36.856 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia. [16][17][18][19], The origin of the Nigerian Armed Forces lies in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force, that became Nigerian, when independence was granted in 1960. Economic Systems. It was usually presided over by the Chief of Staff supreme headquarters. Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015)cabinet: Federal Executive Council appointed by the president but constrained constitutionally to include at least one member from each of the 36 stateselections/appointments: president directly elected by qualified majority popular vote and at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)election results: Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (APC) 53%, Atiku ABUBAKAR (PDP) 39%, other 8% (2019), description: bicameral National Assembly consists of:Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)House of Representatives - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 65, PDP 39, YPP 1, TBD 3; composition - men 101, women 8, percent of women 7.3%House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 217, PDP 115, other 20, TBD 8; composition - men 347, women 13, percent of women 3.6%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 4.5%, highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 70subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system, Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]Africa Democratic Congress or ADC [Ralph Okey NWOSU]All Progressives Congress or APC [Abdullahi ADAMU]All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor Ike OYE]Labor Party or LP [Julius ABURE]Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Iyourchia AYU]Young Progressive Party or YPP [Bishop AMAKIRI], ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Uzoma Elizabeth EMENIKE (since 7 July 2021)chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 800-7201 (ext. The Nigerian Air Force was formally established in January 1964, with technical assistance from West Germany. ), production: 46,296,835,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Lets the do the maths, we have 36 states in Nigeria, these states have 3 senatorial districts each and a senator is elected from each senatorial district, making 36 x 3 = 108 senatorial districts = 108 senators. Nigeria is divided administratively into the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) and 36 states, which are organized into the following six zones: South-West ZoneLagos, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Oshun,. Each ministry has a permanent secretary, a senior civil servant. This led to June 12 elections in 1993 but the result of this election was cancelled. (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression. ECOWAS, Promotion of National Integration e.g.NYSC, Change of driving pattern from Left to Right, Was responsible for the Nigeria Civil war, There was absence of independence of the Judiciary, Mismanagement and wastage of public funds, Inability to conduct reliable and acceptable census, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS1 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS1 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE. Nigeria's Military Is the Problem and the Solution - Foreign Policy Obasanjo, quoted in Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Rienner, Boulder/London, 2001, p.54. ), 104.494 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. PDF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW - Africana Niger - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency )agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Control and regulation of shops, restaurants, kiosks, and other venues for sales of food. [29], The Air Force sponsors the Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria and the Air Force Institute of Technology. The 109th senator comes from the federal capital territory, as only one senator can be elected from there. Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 16, 1966 July 29, 1966), General Yakubu Gowon (August 2, 1966 July 29, 1975), General Murtala Mohammed (July 29, 1975 February 13, 1976), General Olusegun Obasanjo (February 14, 1976 September 30, 1979), Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (December 31, 1983 August 27, 1985), General Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985 August 26, 1993), General Sani Abacha (November 16, 1993 June 8, 1998), General Abdulsalami Abubakar (June 9, 1998 May 29, 1999). The Chief Judge of each state is appointed by the governor of that state on the advice of the National Judicial Council and the State House of Assembly. [23] The U.S. commercial military contractor, Military Professional Resources Inc. has been involved around 19992000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces.[24]. Suitable For: Students & Teachers Yes, political freedom is one of the reasons political parties in Nigeria have been created to give individuals and groups a voice and opportunity to contest for public offices. President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003, committed the Nigerian troops once again into Liberia, at the appeal of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) arrived. Class: Senior (SS3) )male: 6.9% (2020 est. The governor is the Chief pilot of the state plane, and has the power to appoint the rest of his cabin crew, which are the commissioners and advisers (unlike the federal level where they are called ministers). Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi was made the Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria, but was soon overthrown and murdered in a coup in July of the same year. African Studies Review 13, no. Generation of revenues for the country and its states. The president appoints minister to each of the federal ministries. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Fitch rating: B (2020)Moody's rating: B2 (2017)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. The judiciary branch of the Nigerian government structure is laden with the responsibility of interpretation of the law, and ensures compliance with these laws. )$4,900 (2020 est. These federal ministries are civil service departments responsible for carrying out different types of government services. In doing so, it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society, and the linked decline in military effectiveness. There were 9 casualties as a result of this attempt. )imports: 77,000 metric tons (2020 est. [38] Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. It has similar functions as the National House of Assembly. Students preparing for Government examination (WAEC/NECO/GCE) are advised to read ahead without been limited by a timetable. The Commission was concerned with all the public services of Nigeria including the local government. ), total: 55.17 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 60.43 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 49.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The current head of the Joint Task Force in Niger Delta is Rear Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade. The local government reforms of 1976 have been described as a landmark in the history of local government in Nigeria. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. ), widespread lack of access: due to persistent civil conflict in the northern areas, localized shortfalls in cereal production, and high food prices - according to the latest analysis, about 19.45 million people were projected to be in need of humanitarian food assistance between June and August 2022, owing to the deterioration of security conditions and conflicts in northern states, localized shortfalls in staple food production, high food prices and reduced incomes;as of September 2022, flood affected about 190,000 people in areas already affected by high levels of food insecurity, malnutrition and violence in northeastern states (2022), municipal solid waste generated annually: 27,614,830 tons (2009 est. [9][10] Nigeria's Armed Forces would continue to remain an active element in combat operations throughout the African continent over the proceeding decades, with bobs (3) The composition of the officer corps and other ranks of the armed forces of the Federation shall reflect the federal character of Nigeria. ), improved: urban: 95.3% of populationrural: 68.8% of populationtotal: 82.6% of populationunimproved: urban: 4.7% of populationrural: 31.2% of populationtotal: 17.4% of population (2020 est. 100)FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541email address and website: info@nigeriaembassyusa.orghttps://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since24 December 2019)embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abujamailing address: 8320 Abuja Place, Washington DC 20521-8320telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036email address and website: AbujaACS@state.govhttps://ng.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Lagos, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity, name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B.A. )2.21% (2019 est. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Government - Military Rule in Nigeria - Passnownow Politicians should learn how to avoid ethnic politics in order not to attract military rule. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to its new state of independence. [21], The great expansion of the military during the civil war further entrenched the existing military hold on Nigerian society, carried over from the first military regime. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. This led to the counter coup led by Muritala Muhammad. The structure of government under Gowon was basically unitarian. Provision of security to its citizens lives and properties. Abdullahi, who is the second to the last son of the military dictator died on Friday night in Abuja. Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. [12][13] Compounding this state of affairs is the role corruption plays in the ongoing attempts to strengthen the armed forces. Provision and maintenance of public conveniences, and refuse disposal. subvert labour movement activities in Nigeria; that is, Military government demoralize union right, Problems of internal democracy is a threat to trade . The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Developing and maintaining of external relations. Corruption pervades the daily lives of Nigerians. )19.6% of GDP (2016 est. It is led by the President of Nigeria. PDF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA - Global Academic Group However, Government class teachers should teach this topic within 1 week depending on your school timetable or schedule. Military government freed 47 political prisoners including Gen. Oladipo Diya. Shehu Shagari wasnt killed but this coup led to the death of a loyal officer to the government in the person of Brigadier Ibrahim Bako. Its major formations include the 1st Division, 2nd Division, 3rd Armoured Division, 81st Division, 82nd Division and the newly formed 8th, 7th and 6th Divisions. It is called the State House of Assembly. )industrial: 1.965 billion cubic meters (2017 est. After this coup, Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon was sworn in to power. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st October 1966. It can be prevented if elected officials are responsive to the yearnings of the people. )exports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est. It serves as check and balance on the executive and legislative branch of the Nigerian government structure. It starts with the three tiers of government in Nigeria. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. These commissioners and advisers cannot be members of the state house of assembly neither can they be members of the national assembly. salary structure and wages, Government in all level must fight corrupt leaders, Immunity clause should be removed in the constitution of the federal Thank you. ), total petroleum production: 1,646,900 bbl/day (2021 est. Age structure 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446) 15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948) 65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) The minister of state is not a different minister on his own but instead an assistant to the minister he is attached to. Anglophone ECOWAS members established ECOMOG, dominated by the Nigerian Army in 1990, to intervene in the civil war in Liberia. Note: A ministry with a minister and one or more minister of state has only one permanent secretary. )other alcohols: 3.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Air Force started as a transport unit, with the aircrew being trained in Canada, Ethiopia and Pakistan. Subject: Government Nonetheless, Ibrahim Babangida handed over to a civilian government which was headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan on the 26thof August, 1993. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. )$5,100 (2019 est. so that you can track your progress. Nigeria's Disputed Presidential Election Results, Explained | Time The Chief Justice is appointed by the president, and cannot be removed from office except by death, retirement (at age 70), or by impeachment by the Senate. )-1.79% (2020 est. The federal government is the top notch level of government in the Nigerian government structure. Abuja has not successfully implemented family planning programs to reduce and space births because of a lack of political will, government financing, and the availability and affordability of services and products, as well as a cultural preference for large families. It is composed of the Head of State, Chief of General Staff, Minister of Defense; service chiefs of the Army, Air force and Navy, Inspector General of Police, Attorney General and all military Governors. The Nigerian government structure is styled into a federal system of government. Failure to conduct an acceptable population census. It is ranked last in the world on the UN Development Programme's Human Development Index. There are 774 local government areas in the Nigerian government structure, with Kano having the largest number of 44 and the smallest number of 9 belonging to Bayelsa state. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. )proven reserves: 344 million metric tons (2019 est. Nigerias sustained high population growth rate will continue for the foreseeable future because of population momentum and its high birth rate. In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. After this coup, the Military Government maintained its place over the next decade but this rule was not without some drama. The Nigerian government structure has taken on different shapes from 1960, when she gained her independence. Nigerian Government and Politics: A Brief Overview The Long Years of Military Rule in Nigeria: A Blessing or a Curse On this date, March 4 in 1999, military government freed the remaining people imprisoned two years ago for . by . ), forest revenues: 1.02% of GDP (2018 est. )refined petroleum consumption: 483,100 bbl/day (2019 est. )investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (2017 est. Description: This topic (Structure And Weaknesses Of Military Rule In Nigeria) has 1 lesson. This happened on the 15thof January 1966 and that marked the beginning of military rule in the country. A complete overhaul is needed, including accountability for human rights abuses, if Nigerians are not to be left at the mercy of Boko Haram and other armed groups. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).
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