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Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. Salute from Czech republic. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. Main difference between akavian, kajkavian and tokavian is in vocabulary. Is Ukrainian more like . These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. Czech has 82% intelligibility of Slovak (varies from 70-95%), 12% of Polish and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. Torlakian (considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some) has significant mutual intelligibility with Macedonian and Bulgarian. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. However, Russian is only 74% mutually intelligible with spoken Belarusian and 50% mutually intelligible with spoken Ukrainian. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. Cheers brothers and sisters! between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. In Ukrainian, one might say "I am waiting for you" ; however, there is no need for a conjunction in . It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. I simply didnt know what for example word iskati (to seek) means when I first watched that movie, I was 14, I understand it from the context like I can understand Macedonian. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). BULGARIAN (transferred to the Latin script): algarskijat ezik e indoevropejski ezik ot grupata na junoslavjanskite ezici. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. Ekavian Chakavian has two branches Buzet and Northern Chakavian. Western Ukraine, at least urban Western Ukraine, no longer speaks the Galician dialect but rather standard Ukrainian. Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. 5 (2): 135146. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. So, i've been interested about how much Polish speakers can understand Ukrainian without learning the language, but, most results i found said it's not really mutually intelligible, despite sharing alot or some words. Serbo-Croatian has only 20% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Ukrainian has 62% lexical similarity with Russian but 70% with Polish, which isn't high enough for mutual intelligibility with both Russian and Polish, but Poles can certainly understand Ukrainian much better than Russian, and Russians can understand Ukrainian much better than Poles. 3. Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? but the two languages are more different than some people think. Ukrainian and Russian are today closer than they were a hundred years ago due to Soviet Russification, and somewhat mutually intelligiblespeakers in Ukraine often switch back and forth from one . I hope you will like it and will be useful for your researches! Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. Congratulations on a brilliant article! Scientific intelligibility studies of Czech and Slovak have shown ~82% quite high but still low enough for them to be closely related separate languages and not dialects of one language. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. (j/k) Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. Femke Swarte studied the mutual intelligibility of twenty Germanic language combinations. From some reason, the Hutsul, Lemko, andBoiko dialects of the Rusyn language are much more comprehensible to Russians than Standard Ukrainian is. @AJ Re: Rus/Ukr Personal communication. For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. 1993. Russian, the native language of 160 million people, including many . Northern Germanic languages spoken in Scandinavia form a dialect continuum where two furthermost dialects have almost no mutual intelligibility. In contrast, Filipovi is talking slowly, and although some words have a different stress than in Czech, I can identify them pretty well and hence listening to this guy is basically like reading a written text in Serbo-Croatian. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. The intelligibility of Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is highly controversial, and intelligibility studies are in order. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. Therefore I would go with 25%. English professor. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. It is not intelligible with Shtokavian, although this is controversial. The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . Some comments on Ukrainian: Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. This comment is fantastic! Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. In terms Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. There is much nonsense floating around about Serbo-Croatian or Shtokavian. This stuff is not all that controversial. Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. If the Torlaks can understand those languages it is because they have been hearing them! Conclusion: Greg, Kaikavian is dialect of Slovenian language. Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. 50% PS More than half of Slovenian seems to be closely related to Kaikavian and Chakavian Croatian (and probably Old Shtokavian which is almost extinct). How many English speakers know Serbo-Croatian? Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. In essence, such kinds of bilingualism also improve understanding of other, unrelated Slavic languages, since two Slavic languages fill in the comprehension gaps. No idea, but if they are fairly intelligent as she sounds like she is, you might be shocked at how she might be able to rattle off some estimated figures like that. About the mistakes Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. Classifications may also shift for reasons external to the languages themselves. Ukrainian pronounces the "o" as "o" whereas Russians pronounce it typically as an "a." The Ukrainian "" and "" have different pronunciations compared to their Russian equivalents, "" and "". With this, off I go to sleep. And the 25% is very low. Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. Silesian itself appears to be a macrolanguage as it is more than one language since as Opole Silesian speakers cannot understand Katowice Silesian, so Opole Silesian and Katowice Silesian are two different languages. This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? Chakavian has a low mutual intelligibility with either, in part due to its large number of loanwords from Venetian. About Slovak being two different unintelligible languages I highly doubt so. I will also send you a copy so you can look over the Serbo-Croatian part and tell me if there are any errors. A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. But which languages in the world are actually closest to . What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in . Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. & relat.)) I cant say that I would understand every word, but it is usually not difficult to guess some missing gaps from the context, so I could read professional books in Bulgarian in the past. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. Also, danes and swedes have a hard time understanding each other, but they can read the others language quite well. Bulgarian: 15% spoken , 30-40% written Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. We in Serbia even had some comic movies that was making fun of south Serbian dialects (that are more related to Bulgarian and Macedonian) with very mocking or even rude comments for someone who make mistakes in the word cases. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Mr.Lindsay, Older people who rembember federation understand everything. Routledge. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. Student Authored Website. However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. Post 1991, g has returned. From the 1500s to 1900, a large corpus of Kajkavian literature was written. If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. So, when you're learning the Polish alphabet, all you have to pay attention to are the special accents and the pronunciation. Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. How is it possible if they speak the same language? I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. BR, My take on it is right here. http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. Russian. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. This is a Chakavian-Slovenian transitional lect that is hard to categorize, but it is usually considered to be a Slovenian dialect. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Mutual intelligibility between languages can make learning them much easier. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. I can understand quite a bit of basic polish when it is spoken on the street, but their pronunciation is so weird its hard to notice sometimes. The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. Dont let the past politics fool you. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom. I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. Most native speakers agree on MI. Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns. Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. Standard Czech and standard Slovak is almost totally intelligible (I would say about 90%) only very few words are of different origin. Russian: 15% spoken, 25% written Croatian language doesnt exists. KajkavianCroatian, spoken in northwest Croatia and similar to Slovenian, is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation.
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